Title:Coca-Cola's reduced sugar and sugar alternatives are too little, too late

At last count, 28 countries and seven large cities in the USA had moved to introduce a tax on sugary drinks.

终于，美国有28个国家和7个大城市采取措施对含糖饮料征税。

Potential benefits are clear and include reducing costs from obesity and health-care spending, as well as the potential to increase a healthy life. Health groups in Australia have long called for the same to be done here.

潜在的惠益是明确的，包括减少肥胖症和医疗保健开支的成本，以及增加健康生活的潜力，澳大利亚的卫生团体一直呼吁在这方面也这样做。

When Britain legislated for a sugary drink tax, graded according to the quantity of sugar used, some manufacturers significantly reduced the amount of sugar in their drinks before the law even came into practice.

当英国通过立法规定征收含糖饮料税，按所使用的糖量定级时，有些制造商甚至在法律生效之前就大大减少了他们饮料中的糖量。

Echoing the tactic of some British companies, Coca-Cola in Australia is claiming it has taken action by "reducing sugar in 22 of our drinks since 2015", and is committing to "make all our new Coca-Cola flavours either reduced or no sugar". Their aim is for a 10 per cent reduction across their range by 2020.

与某些英国公司的策略背道而驰的是，在澳大利亚，可口可乐公司声称自2015年以来已采取行动，减少我们22杯饮料中的糖，并承诺与报价；使所有新的可口可乐的风味要么减少，要么没有食糖&quate;，其目标是在2020年之前将食谱削减10%。

Coca-Cola's products with less sugar include:

可口可乐减糖产品包括：

No nutritionist is going to knock reductions in sugar content, but even a single can of the new Coca-Cola with Stevia has 37 per cent of the World Health Organisation's (WHO) recommended maximum daily intake of sugar for an adult. The other products listed still have 55-78 per cent of the WHO maximum recommendation.

没有营养学家会减少食糖含量，但即便是与Stevia的新可口可乐（Coca-Cola）中，也有37%推荐成人每天摄取最大量的糖。所列其他产品仍占卫生组织最高建议的55%至78%。

Smaller pack sizes are being introduced and will help. And no-sugar versions of their major products are available, sweetened with intense (artificial) sweeteners such as stevia, acesulphame K, sucralose and aspartame.

小包装尺寸正在引进，并将有所帮助，而且其主要产品没有糖分，加甜的甜味剂有如甜叶菊、硫酸亚麻油、蔗糖和天鹅等密集的（人造）甜味剂。

Stevia can be made from the leaves of the Stevia rebaudiana plant which contain a variety of steviol compounds. These bypass digestion in the small intestine and are broken down by bacteria in the colon.

茎生可由Steviareboarena植物叶子组成，其中含有多种杀菌化合物，在小肠中绕开消化，由结肠中的细菌分解。

Food Standards Australia New Zealand has approved the use of a wide range of different steviol compounds. Labelled either by its name or "additive 960", stevia is marketed by some as a "natural" product. Although what is added to drinks and other foods is a highly purified extract, often blended with a sugar alcohol (usually erythritol) or complex carbohydrates called oligosaccharides.

澳大利亚食品标准协会批准使用多种不同类型的斯特维奥化合物，其名称或引文960"stevia被某些人推销为天然"新产品。虽然在饮料和其他食物中添加的东西是高度纯化的提取物，但通常与糖酒精（通常为红三糖）或称为寡糖的复杂碳水化合物混在一起。

In its favour, stevia has virtually no kilojoules, and can be used by those with diabetes. But its effect on "good" bacteria in the colon may be undesirable.

其中史蒂夫几乎没有什么千焦耳，可供糖尿病患者使用，但对结肠中的细菌可能有不良影响。

Arguments continue to rage over whether intense sweeteners are beneficial or not. Some studies claim they help with weight loss. Others say they may increase the risk of excess weight and some associated health problems. Their effect on the "good" gut bacteria also needs careful evaluation.

关于烈性甜味剂是否是有益的争论仍在继续，有些研究称它们有助于减轻体重，还有人认为，这可能会增加体重过大的风险，还会增加一些相关的健康问题。它们对肠道细菌的影响也需要仔细评估。

The real problem is that sweet drinks maintain a taste for sweet drinks.

真正的问题是,甜饮料保持了品尝甜饮料的味道.

Nor does the dental disaster associated with soft drinks disappear with low or no sugar varieties. This is because much of the damage to dental enamel comes from their inherent acidity. The solution is to confine drinks to water or milk.

与软饮料有关的牙科灾难也没有随着低糖或无糖品种而消失，这主要是因为牙釉质受到的固有酸性影响，解决办法是将饮料限制在水中或牛奶中。

Those marketing sugary products cannot ignore the public outcry against sugar. But nor can their business stand too strong an anti-sugar movement. The "less sugar" move may be an attempt to tone down the criticism.

这些销售含糖的产品不能忽视公众对糖的强烈抗议，但他们的商业也不能忍受过于强烈的反糖运动。

How do we define moderation? It's an issue that has dogged those formulating dietary guidelines. In 1979, one of Australia's dietary goals was to "decrease refined sugar consumption". Two years later, the first guidelines included advice to "avoid eating too much sugar".

我们如何定义温和？这是那些制定膳食准则的人面临的一个问题。1979年，澳大利亚膳食目标之一是减少精制糖的消费量。两年后，第一批准则包括建议并避免吃太多糖。

Sugar sales fell, moving the sugar industry to mount a massive seven-year PR and advertising campaign to influence health professionals, the population, health ministers and food companies that sugar was "a natural part of life".

糖销量下降，使糖业开始大规模的七年制公关和广告活动，以影响食糖业自然属于生命的一部分的健康专业人员、人口、卫生部长和食品公司；

With every subsequent revision of the guidelines, the food industry has campaigned strongly for the sugar guideline to be dropped.

随着其后每项准则的修订，食品业都大力主张取消食糖准则。

They succeeded in so far as the wording was changed to "eat only a moderate amount of sugars and foods containing added sugars". Sales steadied.

他们成功地将措辞改为并引用；只吃少量含加糖的糖和食品；销售稳定下来。

A review for the 2013 guidelines showed even stronger evidence that all added sugars should be limited, especially sugar sweetened soft drinks and cordials, fruit drinks, vitamin waters, energy and sports drinks.

对2013年准则的审查表明，更有力的证据表明，所有添加的糖应受到限制，特别是糖甜软饮料和亲切饮料、水果饮料、维生素水、能量和体育饮料。

Confectionery, cakes, biscuits and pastries were also specifically added to the list along with advice that for many Australians there was no room in the diet for any of these foods. "Only moderate" amounts may be comfortable for the industry but it was way too vague to fit the evidence.

另外，还专门将食品、蛋糕、饼干和糕点列入名单，同时还建议许多澳大利亚人在节食上没有任何食空间。只有中度含糖量，对于行业来说，数量可能是合适的，但是过于模糊，无法与证据保持一致。

"Less" sugar in sugary drinks is also too vague. Even for those who are not overweight, these drinks remain a hazard for our teeth. The only solution is to stop drinking them.

含糖饮料中的糖也过于模糊，即使对那些不超重的人，这些饮料仍然危害我们的牙齿，唯一解决办法就是停止饮用。

Rosemary Stanton is a nutritionist and visiting fellow at UNSW. This article originally appeared on The Conversation.

Rosemary Stanton是UNSW的营养学家和来访研究员，这篇文章最初出现在《对话》上。