Title:Muslim Women’s Veils Banned Under New Danish Law Forbidding Other Garments That Hide Face

Danish lawmakers voted on Thursday to join several other European nations in banning garments that cover the face, a decision seen as targeting conservative Muslim women who wear face veils known as niqab and burqa.

丹麦议员星期四投票决定与其他几个欧洲国家一道禁止在公共场所佩戴遮面的头饰，这一决定被视为针对保守的穆斯林妇女戴面纱，即面纱和面纱。

Despite opposition, the decision passed with a 75 to 30 vote and 74 absentees. Violators will be fined 1,000 kroner, about $157, for the first offense. After four or more offenses, individuals will be fined up to 10,000 kroner ($1,567).

尽管遭到反对，但以75至30票和74名缺席者通过的决定，严重违规者将被罚款1千克朗，约为157美元，屡次违例者可被罚款最高1万克朗(1,567美元)。

Women wearing burqas walk past the Palace of Justice in The Hague, on December 1, 2014. Danish lawmakers voted on Thursday to join several other European nations in banning garments that cover the face.   JERRY LAMPEN/AFP/Getty Images

2014年12月1日，身穿布卡斯的女性在海牙的司法宫中穿行，丹麦议员星期四投票决定与其他几个欧洲国家一道禁止遮盖脸的成衣。

The new law, which will block conservative Muslim women from wearing face veils, does not explicitly address Islamic clothing. It instead broadly outlaws garments that cover the face. As a result, Denmark's government argues the ban does not target any particular religion and protects individual freedom. Islamic face veils are perceived by many as oppressive toward women. 

这项新法律将阻止保守的穆斯林妇女戴面纱，没有明确提到伊斯兰教的衣物，而是广泛地禁止覆盖面具的衣物。因此，丹麦政府辩称，禁令并不针对任何特定宗教，并不保护个人自由，许多人认为伊斯兰面纱是压迫妇女的。

However, opponents see the legislation as targeting the religious freedom of conservative Muslim women. Although the burqa and niqab are not worn by most Muslim women and many Muslims oppose the garment, some believe women are religiously bound to wear the veil. 

然而，反对者认为立法以保守的穆斯林妇女的宗教自由为目标。尽管大多数穆斯林妇女并不戴面纱和面纱，许多穆斯林反对服装等，但一些人认为妇女戴面纱在宗教上具有约束力。

"All women should be free to dress as they please and to wear clothing that expresses their identity or beliefs. This ban will have a particularly negative impact on Muslim women who choose to wear the niqab or burqa,"  Gauri van Gulik, Amnesty International's Europe director, told The Guardian.

"所有妇女均应随意穿戴，穿表达自己身份或信仰的衣裳。大赦国际欧洲负责人Gauri van Gulik对《卫报》说，这项禁令将对选择穿面纱或穿面纱的穆斯林妇女产生特别负面的影响。

"While some specific restrictions on the wearing of full-face veils for the purposes of public safety may be legitimate, this blanket ban is neither necessary nor proportionate and violates the rights to freedom of expression and religion,"  van Gulik added. 

"虽然为公共安全目的戴面纱的某些具体限制可能是合法的，但这一全面禁止既不必要也不相称，侵犯了言论自由和宗教自由权，范·古利克补充道。

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Supporters disagree, arguing that face veils do not belong in Danish society.

支持者不同意，他们认为面纱不属于丹麦社会。

"Of course, we have individual freedoms we must protect. But some people use them to promote an ideology that, if they are successful, will mean many more lose their freedoms,"  Martin Henriksen, the Danish People's Party spokesperson on immigration issues, said,  according to The Local DK.

"当然，我们必须保护个人自由，但据丹麦人民党移民问题发言人马丁·亨里克森(Martin Henriksen)说，一些人利用他们宣扬一种意识形态，如果他们成功，就会意味着更多的人失去他们的自由。

Two women wearing the Islamic niqab stand outside the French Embassy during a demonstration in London, on April 11, 2011.   Peter Macdiarmid/Getty Images

2011年4月11日在伦敦举行的一次示威中，两名戴伊斯兰面纱的妇女站在法国使馆外面。

The country's justice minister, Søren Pape Poulsen, previously explained that police officers would not forcibly remove face coverings on the streets.

该国司法部长帕伦·普尔斯登曾解释说，警察不会在街上强行去除面纱。

"I do not want police officers pulling items of clothing off people—burqas or otherwise. That is not going to happen,"  Poulsen said before the ban passed.  "If they live nearby, they will be asked to go home."

“我不希望警察把衣物从布卡什和其他地方拖出来。这不会发生，”在禁令通过之前波尔斯恩说。

But if an individual violating the ban does not live close by, they may be required to go to a nearby police station and wait for a relative to come get them.

但是，如果违反禁令的个人不能住得很近，他们可能被要求去附近的警察局等待亲戚来接他们。

Across Europe,  several countries have moved to ban face veils in recent years, with France becoming the first to do so in Western Europe in 2011. Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, Austria and Bulgaria have since implemented full or partial bans.

最近几年，在欧洲各地，几个国家开始禁止面纱，2011年，法国成为西欧第一个这样做的国家。比利时、德国、荷兰、奥地利和保加利亚等国自此开始实施全部或部分禁令。

In North America, the Canadian province of Montreal also banned face veils last October. However, in December, a judge partially suspended the ban.

在北美，加拿大蒙特利尔省去年10月也禁止面纱，但是在12月，法官部分暂停了禁令。

Last March, the European Court of Justice handed down a major ruling that allows for employers to ban "any political, philosophical or religious sign" at work. This means all employers in the European Union can legally require employees to remove crosses, hijabs (Muslim headscarves), kippahs (Jewish skullcaps), dastars (Sikh turbans) or any other religious item they might wear.

去年3月，欧洲法院发布了一项重要裁决，允许雇主在工作中禁止并引用任何政治、哲学或宗教标志。这意味着欧盟所有雇主都可以在法律上要求雇员清除十字架、头巾和面具（犹太 头盔）、方星（Sikh bspans）或任何其他可能佩戴的宗教物品。