[(Title)] Yemen on the brink of humanitarian disaster as both rebels and Saudi-led forces hold up food, aid

As Saudi-led forces close in on Yemen's vital port city of Hodeida, Amnesty International has accused them of possible war crimes over interference with deliveries of food, fuel and aid.

当沙特领导的部队靠近也门重要港口城市霍代达时，大赦国际指控他们在干涉食品、燃料和援助的运送方面可能犯有战争罪。

Amnesty has also accused the Houthi rebels, who currently control Hodeida, of interfering with supplies once they enter the country, in more possible breaches of international law.

大赦国际还指责目前控制霍代达的胡塞武装叛乱分子在进入该国时干涉供应品，这可能违反国际法。

More than 8 million people in Yemen are at risk of starvation and aid groups fear the battle for Hodeida, which imports most of the aid and commercial supplies shipped in to Yemen, could have widespread and fatal consequences.

也门有800多万人面临饥饿危险，援助团体担心霍代达之战，霍代达进口运往也门的大部分援助和商业用品，可能产生广泛和致命的后果。

The Saudi coalition has imposed a partial blockade on Houthi held ports and tightened restrictions after the Houthis launched missiles aimed at the Saudi Arabian capital, Riyadh.

沙特联盟对胡塞持有港口实行部分封锁，在胡塞向沙特阿拉伯首都利雅得发射导弹之后，加紧了限制。

The partial blockade has played a significant role in the collapse of the health system and exacerbated suffering that Amnesty International said could, "constitute a war crime".

United Nation staff inspect ships bound for Houthi controlled ports in support of a UN Security Council arms embargo established in 2015.

联合国工作人员对驶往胡塞武装港的船只进行检查，以支持联合国安全理事会于2015年制定的武器禁运。

However, the coalition mounts subsequent inspections by boarding ships in international waters, or diverting them to coalition controlled ports.

但是，联盟随后在国际水域通过登船进行检查，或将其移至联盟控制的港口。

Further inspections are allowed if there are reasonable grounds to believe the ships are smuggling weapons but in those cases the Security Council must be notified and the coalition has rarely done that.

如果有合理的理由相信船只是走私武器，则允许进行进一步的检查，但在这些情况下，必须通知安全理事会，而且联盟很少这样做。

Amnesty International said it was aware of just one case.

大赦国际说，它知道只有一起案件。

While the security benefits are uncertain, the humanitarian impact, according to Amnesty International, has been significant.

虽然安全益处不确定，但大赦国际指出，人道主义影响很大。

The group tracked one vessel which was delayed by the coalition for 50 days after it was cleared by UN inspectors.

该小组跟踪了一艘经过联合国视察员批准后被联盟推迟了50天的船只。

A second was delayed for 46 days, a third for 24 days.

第二个被推迟了46天，第三次被推迟了24天。

All delays were well above the average and none of the cases was notified to the Security Council.

所有延误都大大高于平均数，没有向安全理事会通报任何案件。

"The time that these inspections are taking is effectively obstructing the flow of humanitarian aid and essential goods and that is why we've found that this could amount to collective punishment,

" said Amnesty International's Middle East research director Lynne Maalouf.

Earlier this week, Anwar Gargash, foreign minister for the United Arab Emirates and a key coalition member said, "we have planned diligently around the humanitarian challenge".

本周早些时候，阿拉伯联合酋长国外交部长和关键联盟成员安瓦尔·加加斯赫说，"我们已经周密计划应对人道主义挑战"。

"We've decided that the operation should be calibrated, should be gradual, should squeeze and should allow the port to function as long as we can," Mr Gargash said.

加加斯赫先生说：“我们已经决定，应该让港口尽可能发挥功能。“

The UN envoy on Yemen is trying to negotiate a compromise.

联合国也门问题特使正在设法谈判达成妥协。

However, the Houthis want to remain, possibly in joint management of the port with the UN and Mr Gargash said the coalition wants an unconditional Houthi withdrawal.

但是，胡塞想继续留任，可能要与联合国联合管理该港口，加加斯赫先生说，联盟希望无条件撤出胡塞武装团伙。

"Our strategic goal is to end the war in Yemen and that can't be done while Houthis are controlling Hodeida," he said.

他说：“我们的战略目标是结束也门的战争。”

Thanks to the geography of Hodeida, it is possible for the coalition forces to advance along the coast and seize the port without fighting their way through the city itself, where an estimated 600,000 people live.

However, aid groups working inside the city are braced for a full blown attack which could spread throughout the country.

"The Yemeni population largely depends on the port of Hodeida so if it is not functional then that will be a huge catastrophe if full fighting erupts in Hodeida and the port stops functioning," Oxfam's Yemen director, Muhsin Siddiquey said.

牛津饥荒救济委员会也门主管穆辛·西迪凯说：“也门人口在很大程度上依赖于霍代达港，如果当时没有正常运作，那么如果霍代达爆发全面战斗和港口停止运作，那将是一场巨大的灾难。“

While coalition officials have urged the Houthis to abandon Hodeida, that is unlikely because the customs duties and other benefits the group reaps from the port play a critical role in funding its operations.

虽然联盟官员已敦促胡塞放弃霍迪达，但这不太可能，因为该集团从港口获得的关税和其他好处在资助其业务方面发挥了关键作用。

"They receive customs [duties] while they have not even been paying the civil servants for the last 28 months, so they have just been making the money," Mr Siddiquey said.

西迪凯说：“他们收到海关（关税），但过去28个月里连公务员都没有付款，所以他们一直在赚钱。

"If this lifeline stops that's going to have a huge economic impact on their ability to even continue fighting."

如果这条生命线停止的话，那将对他们继续作战的能力产生巨大的经济影响。

Amnesty International said once aid and commercial supplies made it past the Saudi-led coalition, the Houthis also interfered in deliveries, in possible violation of international law.

大赦国际说，一旦援助和商业物资通过沙特领导的联盟，胡塞武装组织也干涉了交付，这可能违反国际法。

The group interviewed aid workers who report the Houthis, "are using their influence to control the delivery of aid, to influence who receives aid, and in which areas, and which organisations [sic] deliver it".

该小组采访了举报胡塞的援助人员，"正在利用他们的影响力，控制援助的运送，影响接受援助的人，以及在哪些领域和哪个组织提供援助"。

They also report Houthi de facto government officials demanding bribes for aid projects to go ahead and rebel fighters manning checkpoints engaging in extortion by demanding food vouchers or other material as a "toll".

他们还报告说，胡塞武装团体事实上的政府官员要求贿赂援助项目，武装分子在检查站敲诈勒索，要求将食品券或其他材料作为"代价"。

While cases of cholera, which causes diarrhoea and dehydration, appear to be subsiding, Yemen has experienced what is believed to be the largest outbreak in history.

Over the past year, more than a million suspected cases were reported and 2,300 people were killed.

在过去的一年里，据报告发生了100多万起可疑案件，2 300人死亡。

There has also been a spike in case of diphtheria, which can cause heart failure and damage to the nervous system.

白喉也有过激，可引起心力衰竭和损伤神经系统。

More than 1,850 cases have been reported and about 100 people have been killed, most of them children.

据报告，有1,850多起案件，约有100人死亡，其中大多数是儿童。