[(Title)] Medical experts worry about testing DNA to reunite families.

The Trump administration's use of DNA testing to match migrant children separated from their parents is justifiable as a last resort, medical experts say, but raises a host of ethical problems.

医学专家说，特朗普政府使用DNA检测来匹配与父母分离的移民儿童，作为最后手段是合理的，但也引发了一系列道德问题。

That includes the risk of damaging the family fabric by revealing that an adult thought to be the biological parent really is not.

这包括本认为是亲生父母的成年人实际上不是，从而有破坏家庭的风险。

A federal judge in California on Tuesday said DNA testing should be limited to cases in which the parent-child relationship can't be established through documents such as birth certificates and passports.

加州一名联邦法官周二表示，DNA检测应限于无法通过出生证明和护照等文件确定亲子关系的情况。

The government had argued that DNA testing is faster than authenticating documents, and protects children — especially the youngest — from being handed to someone who may not be their biological parent.

政府认为DNA检测比鉴定文件更快，保护儿童——尤其是年龄较小的——不会被交给一个可能不是他们亲生父母的人。

Officials said testing on 102 migrant children under 5 years old revealed five cases in which adults claiming to be the parent actually were not, including two in which the results came as a surprise to the adults.

官员说，对102名5岁以下移民儿童的检测显示，5例自称父母的成年人实际上不是他们的亲生父母，其中2例结果令当事人感到意外。

A federal judge told the government Tuesday that it must move faster to reunite children taken from their parents at the southwest border, even as the Trump administration said many separated families aren't eligible for reunification.

一名联邦法官星期二告诉政府，必须加快行动，让在西南边境从父母身边带走的孩子团聚，尽管特朗普政府表示，许多失散的家庭没有法律资格团聚。

From Michigan to Arizona, some of the youngest children placed...

Ethicists say that's just one situation where problems arise.

伦理学家说，伦理问题只是DNA检查可能引发的问题之一。

DNA testing "is one of the few tools to fix this miserable mess," said Arthur Caplan, head of the division of medical ethics at the New York University School of Medicine.

纽约大学医学院医学伦理学系主任亚瑟·卡普兰说，DNA检测“是解决这一悲惨困境的少数工具之一”。

"But it would be the height of irresponsibility to do it without competent counselors used to dealing with these kinds of genetic discoveries."

“但是，如果没有处理这种基因监测的顾问在场，这将是高度的不负责任。"

Thomas Murray, president emeritus of the Hastings Center, said "misattributed" fatherhood, and even motherhood, is more common than most people realize.

生物伦理学研究机构黑斯廷斯中心名誉主席托马斯·默里说，“张冠李戴的”亲生父母比大多数人意识到的更普遍。

DNA testing is ideal for determining biological parenthood, but "a direct genetic tie is not the only — or even in all cases the best way — of determining who is genuinely in caring parental relationship with a child," Murray said.

DNA检测是确定生物亲子关系的理想方法，但“直接的遗传联系不是唯一的——或者是不是最好的——决定谁是孩子亲生父母的方式。”莫里说。

The Hastings Center is a bioethics research institute.

黑斯廷斯中心是一个生物伦理研究所.

"This could actually hurt the child," Murray added.

“这实际上会伤害这个孩子，”默里补充道。

Nothing could be further from the government's intent, said Chris Meekins, a senior Health and Human Services Department official helping to oversee the court-ordered reunification of more than 2,

协助监督法院下令统一两千多名民众的卫生与公众服务部高级官员克里斯·米金斯说，没有什么比政府的意图更远的了。

000 children separated from their parents at the border.

Not only is DNA testing fast, taking about a week, but Meekins said it also protects children from being returned to someone who may not be their parent, and could do them harm.

“DNA检测不仅速度快，大约需要一周的时间，”米金斯说，“它还能保护儿童不被送回可能不是他们父母的人身边，并可能对他们造成伤害。”

Background checks on parents in immigration custody have turned up eight cases of people with serious criminal violations, and one credible allegation of child abuse, he said.

他说，对移民儿童的被拘留父母进行的背景调查发现，有八起案件涉及严重刑事违法行为，还有一项可信的虐待儿童指控。

"HHS could have transferred every child out of their care to a parent currently in (immigration) custody if we did not take into account child safety," said Meekins.

米金斯说：“如果我们没有考虑儿童的安全，卫生与公众服务部本来可以将其照料下的每个孩子都转交给目前处于移民监护之下的家长手中。”

"Our process may not be as quick as some would like, but there is no question it is protecting children," Meekins added.

米金斯补充说:“我们的进程可能没有一些人想的那么快，但毫无疑问，这是在保护儿童。”

But U.S. District Judge Dana Sabraw in San Diego said Tuesday the practice should be curtailed.

但美国圣地亚哥地方法官达娜·萨布根周二表示，这一做法应该加以限制。

The judge said DNA testing needed to be done only when parent-child relationships can't be proven through birth certificates or other ways, casting aside the government's position that all parents and children should be tested.

法官说，只有当亲子关系无法通过出生证明或其他方式得到证实时，才需要进行DNA检测，这就抛开了政府关于所有父母和孩子都应该接受检测的立场。

Sabraw, who ordered the reunification of families, said the government can use DNA testing but solely when necessary and with parental consent. Samples should be destroyed in seven days and not used for any other purpose.

下令家庭团聚的萨布根说，政府可以使用DNA检测，但只有在必要时并征得父母同意。样品应在七天内销毁，不得挪作他用。

Ethicists say the government's DNA testing also raises questions of privacy, informed consent and whether counseling is provided to families when the tests reveal unexpected results.

伦理学家说，政府的DNA测试也提出了隐私、知情同意以及当测试显示意外结果时是否向家庭提供咨询的问题。

"Non-paternity problems can play out in all kinds of ways," said Caplan. Kids "may say, 'You're not my dad, but I want to find out who is my dad.'"

“非亲子关系问题可以通过各种方式表现出来，”卡普兰说。孩子们“可能会说，‘你不是我爸爸，但我想知道谁是我爸爸。’。"

ACLU lawyer Lee Gelernt said DNA testing in every case simply is not needed. What about adoptive parents, he asked?

美国公民自由联盟律师李·格尔恩特说，不需要对每一个案件进行DNA检测。“如果是养父母呢？”他问道。

"The DNA is not conclusive," he said.

他说：“DNA不是唯一结论。”

Seattle lawyer Janet Gwilym, who has long worked with refugees, said it's not that unusual to find an adult caring for a child who is not theirs.

长期从事难民工作的西雅图律师詹妮特·吉维林说，找到一个成年人照顾一个不是他们的孩子并不稀奇。

"In the chaos of war or unpredictable situations, other people will take a child in and raise them as their own," said Gwilym, with Kids in Need of Defense.

“在混乱的战争或不可预知的情况下，其他人会收养一个孩子，并把他们当成自己的孩子，”非盈利机构“需要保护的孩子”的格威利姆说。

She recalled a married couple from Ethiopia, whom she'd represented years ago. They took in and raised an infant, but when they became refugees they could not prove legal parentage, so the family was separated.

她回忆起几年前她代表的一对来自埃塞俄比亚的已婚夫妇。他们收留并抚养了一个婴儿，但当他们成为难民时，他们无法证明他们是合法的父母，于是家庭分离了。让事情变得更复杂的是：他们试图登记合法证件的大楼被焚毁。

Among the complications: The building where they'd tried to register legal papers burned down.

Gwilym said it took about a year of legal work to reunite that family.

吉莉姆说，他们花了大约一年的法律工作才使这个家庭团聚。

Spagat reported from San Diego.