[(Title)] Science Says: Record heat, fires worsened by climate change.

Heat waves are setting all-time temperature records across the globe, again. Europe suffered its deadliest fire in more than a century, and one of nearly 90 large fires in the U.S.

热浪再次在全球范围内创造了历史最高温度记录。欧洲遭受了一个多世纪以来最致命的火灾，美国则遭遇了90起大火。

West burned dozens of homes and forced the evacuation of at least 37,000 people near Redding, California. Flood-inducing downpours have pounded the U.S. East this week.

美国西部烧毁了数十栋房屋，迫使至少37,000人疏散在加利福尼亚雷丁附近的地区。

It's all part of summer — but it's all being made worse by human-caused climate change, scientists say.

这是夏季的一部分——但是人类导致的气候变化使这一切变得更糟，科学家说。

"Weirdness abounds," said Rutgers University climate scientist Jennifer Francis.

“古怪比比皆是，”罗格斯大学气候科学家珍妮弗弗朗西斯说。

Japan hit 106 degrees on Monday, its hottest temperature ever. Records fell in parts of Massachusetts, Maine, Wyoming, Colorado, Oregon, New Mexico and Texas.

日本周一达到106华氏度，这是历史上最热的温度。美国马萨诸塞州、缅因、怀俄州、科罗拉多、俄勒冈州、新墨西哥和得克萨斯州的部分地区也纷纷破了纪录。

And then there's crazy heat in Europe, where normally chill Norway, Sweden and Finland all saw temperatures they have never seen before on any date, pushing past 90 degrees.

欧洲热浪更加疯狂，挪威、瑞典和芬兰都见证了史上最高温度，超过了90华氏度。

So far this month, at least 118 of these all-time heat records have been set or tied across the globe, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

根据美国国家海洋和大气管理局的数据，本月到目前为止，至少有118个这样的历史热量记录在全球范围内被发现。

The explanations should sound as familiar as the crash of broken records.

其原因与不断被打破的记录一样令人耳熟能详。

"We now have very strong evidence that global warming has already put a thumb on the scales, upping the odds of extremes like severe heat and heavy rainfall," Stanford University climate scientist Noah Diffenbaugh said.

斯坦福大学气候学家诺亚·迪文鲍格说：“我们现在有着非常强有力的证据，证明全球变暖已经使气候变暖的规模大了起来，增加了诸如酷热和暴雨这样的极端现象的几率。”

"We find that global warming has increased the odds of record-setting hot events over more than 80 percent of the planet, and has increased the odds of record-setting wet events at around half of the planet."

"我们发现，全球气候变暖增加了80%以上的地球发生创纪录的热事件的可能性，增加了全球约一半地区发生创纪录的降雨量的可能性。

Climate change is making the world warmer because of the build-up of heat-trapping gases from the burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil and other human activities.

气候变化正在使世界变暖，因为煤炭和石油等化石燃料燃烧产生的热吸收气体和其他人类活动。

And experts say the jet stream — which dictates weather in the Northern Hemisphere — is again behaving strangely.

专家提到喷射流——它决定了北半球的天气——再次出现了奇特的表现.

"An unusually sharply kinked jet stream has been stuck in place for weeks now," said Jeff Masters, director of the private Weather Underground.

私营气象部门主管杰夫·马斯特斯(JeffMasters)说：“一个异常剧烈震动的喷气流被卡住了几个星期。”

He says that allows the heat to stay in place over three areas where the kinks are: Europe, Japan and the western United States.

他表示，这导致热浪停留在三个地区：欧洲、日本和美国西部。

The same jet stream pattern caused the 2003 European heat wave, the 2010 Russian heat wave and fires, the 2011 Texas and Oklahoma drought and the 2016 Canadian wildfires, Pennsylvania State University climate scientist Michael Mann said,pointing to past studies by him and others. He said in an email that these extremes are "becoming more common because of human-caused climate change and in particular, the amplified warming in the Arctic."

同样的急流模式引发了2003年欧洲热浪，2010年俄罗斯热浪和火灾，2011年德克萨斯州和俄克拉荷马州的干旱和2016年加拿大野火，宾夕法尼亚州立大学气候科学家迈克尔曼例举了他和其他人的研究结果。 他在一封电子邮件中说，由于人为引起的气候变化，特别是北极地区的气温升高，这些极端情况“变得越来越普遍”。

Climate scientists have long said they can't directly link single weather events, like a heat wave, to human caused climate change without extensive study.

气候科学家早就表示，如果不进行广泛的研究，它们无法直接将单一天气事件（如热浪）与人类导致的气候变化联系起来。

In the past decade they have used observations, statistics and computer simulations to calculate if global warming increases the chances of the events.

在过去的十年中，他们利用观测、统计和计算机模拟来计算全球变暖是否增加了事件发生的可能性。

A study by European scientists Friday found that the ongoing European heat wave is twice as likely because of human-caused global warming, though those conclusions have not yet been confirmed by outside scientists.

欧洲科学家星期五的研究发现，欧洲热浪之所以持续存在，是因为人类导致的全球变暖，其可能性是两倍，尽管这些结论尚未得到外部科学家的确认。

The World Weather Attribution team said they compared three-day heat measurements and forecasts for the Netherlands, Denmark and Ireland with historical records going back to the early 1900s.

世界天气属性小组表示，他们将荷兰、丹麦和爱尔兰的三天热测量和预测与可追溯到1900年代初期的历史记录相比较。

"The world is becoming warmer and so heat waves like this are becoming more common," said Friederike Otto, a member of the team and deputy director of the Environmental Change Institute at the University of Oxford.

“世界变得越来越温暖，所以这样的热浪变得越来越普遍，”牛津大学环境变化研究所团队成员兼副主任弗里德里克·奥托说。

Erich Fischer, an expert on weather extremes at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich who wasn't part of the analysis said the authors used well-established methods to make their conclusions.

苏黎世瑞士联邦理工学院天气极端专家埃里希·菲舍尔（Erich Fischer）表示，研究人员使用行之有效的方法得出上述结论。

Georgia Tech climate scientist Kim Cobb said the link between climate change and fires isn't as strong as it is with heat waves, but it is becoming clearer.

佐治亚理工气候学家金科布(KimCobb)表示，气候变化和火灾之间的联系并不像热浪那么强烈，但越来越明确。

A devastating fire in Greece — with at least 83 fatalities — is the deadliest fire in Europe since 1900, according to the International Disaster Database run by the Centre for the Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters in Brussels, Belgium.

根据位于比利时布鲁塞尔的灾害流行病学研究中心管理的国际灾害数据库，希腊的毁灭性火灾导致至少83人死亡，是1990年以来欧洲最致命的火灾。

In the United States on Friday, there were 89 active large fires, consuming nearly 900,000 acres, according to the National Interagency Fire Center. So far this year, fires have burned 4.15 million acres,

据国家机构间火灾中心统计，美国星期五发生89起大火，覆盖近90万英亩，今年以来，大火共在美国烧毁了415万英亩，

which is nearly 14 percent higher than average over the past 10 years.

这比过去10年的平均水平高出近14%。

Study author Gerald Meehl of the National Center for Atmospheric Research said Friday that now it "reads like a prediction of what has been happening and will continue to happen as long as average temperatures continue to rise with ever-increasing emissions of greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels. It's no mystery."

美国国家大气研究中心的研究作者杰拉尔德·梅尔星期五说，现在“这就像对已经发生的情况的预测一样，只要燃烧化石燃料产生的温室气体排放量不断增加，平均气温还会继续上升，这是毫无疑问的。