[(Title)] Tens of thousands of Russians protest retirement age hikes.

MOSCOW — Tens of thousands of demonstrators have rallied throughout Russia to protest plans to substantially hike the age at which Russian men and women can receive their state retirement pensions.

成千上万的示威者聚集在俄罗斯全境，抗议大幅度延迟俄罗斯男性和女性领取国家退休金年龄的计划。

A crowd estimated at more than 10,000 attended a protest in Moscow that was called by the Communist Party.

A similarly large crowd gathered in Yekaterinburg to protest and demonstrations also were reported Saturday in large cities including Rostov-on-Don and Volgograd. No arrests were immediately reported.

根据星期六的报道，除了叶卡捷琳堡外，顿河畔罗斯托夫和伏尔加格勒等大城市也聚集了进行抗议和示威的大量人群，不过没有关于逮捕的报告。

Russia's lower house of parliament, the Duma, has given its first-reading approval to a measure that would gradually raise the pension ages from 60 to 65 for men and from 55 to 63 for women.

俄罗斯下议院——国家杜马，已批准一项将男子养老金领取年龄从60岁提高到65岁、妇女养老金领取年龄从55岁提高到63岁的措施。抗议者呼吁在议会于9月恢复审议对该法案的进一步解释之前，就这一问题举行全民投票。

上个月，在俄罗斯世界杯开幕前夕，内阁提出了提高养老金领取年龄的建议，许多反对者指责政府试图用世界杯干扰公民。

President Vladimir Putin's trust rating in public opinion has fallen significantly in the proposal's wake. Last week he appeared to try to tamp down public distress by saying that he would listen to "all opinions" on the matter.

公众对普京总统舆论的信任度在这项提案出台后明显下降。上周，他似乎试图减缓公众忧虑，说自己会倾听公众关于这个问题的“所有意见”。

"If the retirement age is increased, every citizen of Russia will be robbed for more than a million rubles ($16,000) and it is unacceptable," activist Sergei Udaltsov said at the Moscow demonstration.

莫斯科示威活动人士谢尔盖·乌代尔佐夫说：“如果延缓退休年龄，俄罗斯每个公民将被劫掠超过100万卢布（合16,000美元），这是不能接受的。他说，如果不就这个问题举行全民公决，“数以百万计的人会走上街头”。

He said if a referendum on the subject isn't held, "millions will go to the streets.

We will demand not only stopping the pension reform but also a change of power -- the dismissal of the government, the dissolution of the Duma and the impeachment of the president."

“我们不仅要求停止养恤金改革，还要求改变权力——解散政府、解散杜马和弹劾总统。”

Although Russia's life expectancy rate is rising, many fear they won't survive until the proposed retirement age.

尽管俄罗斯人民的预期寿命正在延长，但许多人担心活不到提议的退休年龄。

"I think a person cannot work properly at the age of 65, he is an old person already. Besides, everybody knows the statistics of how long people live" in Russia, said Konstantin Zhukov, a protester in Yekaterinburg.

叶卡捷琳堡的抗议者康斯坦丁·卓科夫说：“我认为一个人在65岁时不能正常工作，他已经是个老年人了。而且，所有人都知道俄罗斯人寿命的统计数据。主要的问题是，如果我不能继续活下去，我为什么要向养老基金付款。”

"The main question is why I make payments to the pension fund if I probably won't live to get it."

The World Bank says average life expectancy in Russia was 71 as of 2016, up from 65 in 2003. The Russian government says the rise puts a burden on the pension fund that necessitates raising the retirement ages.

世界银行称，2016年，俄罗斯人的平均预期寿命为71岁，比2003年的65岁有所延长。俄罗斯政府说，这一延长给养老基金造成了负担，因此必须提高退休年龄。

On the same day that the pension change was introduced, the Russian government made another proposal to augment state coffers — raising the value-added tax by 2 percentage points to 20 percent.

在引入养老金改革的当天，俄罗斯政府又提出了一项增加国库的提案——将增值税提高2个百分点，达到20%。

On Saturday, that measure was approved by the upper house of parliament, the last step before being signed into law.

星期六，这项措施获得了上议院的批准，这是在签署成为法律前的最后一步。

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Dmitri Kozlov in Moscow contributed to this story.