[(Title)]Millennials face poverty in retirement without super overhaul, think tank warns

Policy researchers are using the latest round of hearings at the banking royal commission to push for a complete reformation of Australia's superannuation system.

政策研究者正在利用最新的银行皇家委员会的听证会，推动澳大利亚退休金制度的彻底改革。

Right now, only a third of retirees are living on what the experts call a comfortable level of income, with roughly half of Australians over 65 still reliant on the age pension.

目前，只有三分之一的退休人员依靠专家所谓的舒适的收入水平生活，65岁以上的澳大利亚人中约有一半仍然依赖养老金。

But there are now growing fears for younger Australians who are not contributing enough to their low super balances and have little chance of owning their own home — a key stepping stone for a financially stable retirement.

但现在人们越来越担心澳大利亚年轻人没有为他们较低的养老公积金存入足够的钱，他们也几乎无法拥有自己的房产。房产是退休后经济稳定的一个关键。

While policy measures such as the super guarantee will help some millennials save enough for their retirements, researchers warn many could end up wholly dependent on the age pension and at risk of poverty.

尽管像养老公积金保证金等这样的政策措施会帮助部分千禧一代（即：80、90后）为退休存上足够的钱，但研究人员警告说，许多人最终可能完全依赖养老金，并有可能陷入贫困。

The Centre for Independent Studies (CIS) has done research into the difference between what current retirees have to live on and what future generations will have.

独立研究中心（CIS）已经研究了当前退休人员的生活和未来几代人之间的差异。

"As recently as 2012, two out of five people had, more or less, no super coming into retirement," CIS research director Simon Cowan said.

CIS研究主管西蒙·科恩(Simon Cowan)表示：“近2012年，五分之二的人或多或少没有养老退休金。”

He added that half of Australians at or near retirement age had no super at all.

他补充道，在退休年龄或接近退休年龄的澳大利亚人中，有一半人根本没有养老退休金。

"It's still the case that the median super balance for those in retirement is zero dollars."

“退休人士中养老公积金余额的中位数值仍然是零。”

The big difference between millennials and boomers, he explained, was that the majority of boomers owned their home.

他解释说，千禧一代和婴儿潮一代最大的区别是，婴儿潮一代中大部分人都拥有自己的房子。

"People who are retired have seen a 61 per cent increase in their wealth between 2002 and 2014," Mr Cowan observed.

科恩先生说：“2002至2014年，退休人士的财富增长了61%。

"For those who are 25 to 34, it's just 3 per cent.

“对那些25至34岁的人来说，其实只有3%。”

"That big difference is overwhelmingly driven by house prices."

“这一巨大差异绝大部分是由房价所驱动的。”

That gap between millennials and boomers is set to worsen.

千禧与婴儿潮一代的这种差距将会加剧。

Grattan Institute research showed Australians aged between 25 and 34 who were on low incomes only had a one-in-five chance of ever owning a home.

格拉塔研究所(Grattan Institute)的研究表明，25至34岁的澳大利亚人只有五分之一的机会拥有住房。

Mr Cowan called for a complete overhaul of the way the Federal Government thought about super.

科恩先生呼吁彻底改革联邦政府对养老退休金的看法。

"The system is built around people owning their own home and basically owning their home unencumbered [by debt]," he said.

他说：“这项制度建立在拥有自己住房的人的周围，基本拥有自己的住房（通过债务）未支配住房。

"If that ceases to be true, then our retirement system needs a rethink."

"如果这已不再是真的，我们的退休制度需要重新思考"。

Failing a complete system reboot, Mr Cowan argued younger Australians with little or no super were heading for a relatively bleak retirement.

科恩先生认为，如果整个制度重启，较年轻的澳大利亚人几乎或根本没有养老退休金去追求相对暗淡的退休生活。

"One thing we do see quite clearly is that people who own their own home have a much better living standard in retirement than those that don't," he said.

他说：“我们看得很清楚，拥有自己家庭住房的人在退休时生活水平要比那些退休没有住房的人高得多。”

"The people who are really struggling — they're struggling not so much because of super, but because they have little or no savings, no home, and they're completely dependent on the pension."

“那些真正纠结的人们——他们不是因为养老退休金而挣扎，而是因为他们很少或者没有储蓄，没有房子，他们需要完全依赖养老金。”

Many millennials are already worried about how they are going to make ends meet in retirement because, for some, precious investment time has already been lost.

许多千禧一代已经开始担心如何在退休后维持生计，因为对于一些人来说，宝贵的投资时间已经失去了。

Sonia Arakkal, 26, works in the financial services sector and is a co-founder of Think Forward, which describes itself as a non-partisan lobby group for young Australians.

26岁的索尼娅·阿拉卡尔(Sonia Arakkal)在金融服务部门工作，是前瞻思想组织的共同创始人。

She has got so little in her super balance that she has not bothered to check it in years.

她的养老退休金余额是如此之少，以致她多年来一直不费心去核对它。

"I know that most of it is in one account but, a lot like many other people, we've got other financial priorities at the moment and super isn't one of them," she said.

她说：“我知道大部分项目都属于一个账户，但和其他许多人一样，我们现在有其他金融优先事项，养老退休金并不属于这一项目。”

"I worry, not just about my friends, but everyone in my generation.

“我担心，不仅仅是我的朋友，还有我们这一代人的每个人。

"It's interesting because everyone in our generation is very empathetic and educated, and so we will march for marriage equality, but we won't march for housing affordability because we don't know just how dire the system is — whether its superannuation, housing, or even how much tax we pay into the system, compared to how much is spent on services for young people."

“这很有意思，因为我们这一代人都非常同情和教育，所以我们会争取婚姻平等，但是我们不会争取住房负担能力，因为我们不知道这个体系有多糟糕——不管是养老金、住房，甚至是我们为这个体系缴纳了多少税，相比之下，为年轻人提供的服务花费了多少。"

Contact David Taylor

David Taylor