[(Title)] Latin America Has an Open-Door Policy for Venezuelan Refugees.

President Donald Trump's hostility to migrants has robbed the U.S. government of the ability to lead the response to the Venezuelan migration crisis.

唐纳德·特朗普对移民的敌意剥夺了美国政府领导应对委内瑞拉移民危机的能力。

Although the Trump administration has set aside nearly $56 million to support the displaced Venezuelans—including $6 million announced last month—regional governments say the United States lacks the moral authority to lecture about protecting migrants, as the Miami Herald has reported.

尽管特朗普政府拨出了近5,600万美元支持流离失所的委内瑞拉人（包括上个月宣布的600万美元），但地区政府称，美国缺乏讲授保护移民的道德权威，正如《迈阿密先驱报》所报告的那样。

As it stands, however, Latin American governments hardly need Washington's encouragement.

然而，拉丁美洲各国政府目前并不需要美国的支持。

Since 2014, as 2 million Venezuelans fled their chaotic homeland, the region has willingly absorbed those displaced by President Nicolás Maduro's authoritarian regime.

自2014年以来，200万委内瑞拉人逃离了混乱的祖国，该地区愿意接纳那些被马杜罗专制政权赶走的人。

Even as the United States separates migrant children from their parents, commissions prototypes of a border wall, and tightens asylum standards, Latin America has adopted a distinctly productive approach to its own migration challenges.

即使美国将移民儿童与父母分开，设置了边界墙的原型，并收紧庇护标准，拉丁美洲也采取了一种独特的富有成效的办法来应对其自身的移民挑战。

In June, the Organization of American States (OAS) passed a resolution sharply criticizing U.S. migration policy. Meanwhile, countries such as Peru established special visa programs to accommodate Venezuelans.

今年6月，美洲国家组织通过了一项严厉批评美国移民政策的决议，与此同时，秘鲁等国建立了特别签证计划来容纳委内瑞拉人。

The difference between the United States and regional approaches is notable given the relative scale of their migration challenges. This year, apprehensions at the U.S. southern border average 33,000 per month,

鉴于其移民挑战的相对规模，美国与区域方法之间的差异是显着的。 今年根据美国海关和边境保护局的数据，美国南部边境的平均每月逮捕33,000人，相比之下，每月有4万名委内瑞拉人抵达哥伦比亚。

Tiny Ecuador has absorbed 630,000 Venezuelans since 2017, according to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), ballooning its population by 4 percent.

根据联合国难民事务高级专员办事处(难民署)的数据，2017年以来，厄瓜多尔已经吸收了630,000名委内瑞拉人，使厄瓜多尔人口膨胀了4%。

The commitment to open borders has been remarkable—not least because Latin American governments have not always rolled out the red carpet for the hemisphere's huddled masses.

开放边界的承诺是非常了不起的 - 尤其是因为拉丁美洲政府并没有为这个半球的挤作一团的人群铺开红地毯。

The Dominican Republic's treatment of Haitian migrants, for example, is notorious, including sporadic efforts to revoke citizenship.

例如，多米尼加共和国对海地移民的待遇是臭名昭着的。

In 2015, before the Venezuelan exodus, Maduro expelled thousands of Colombians, many of whom had moved to Venezuela to escape guerrilla violence. Moreover, Mexico is frequently criticized for failing to protect Central American migrants.

2015年，在委内瑞拉人流亡之前，马杜罗驱逐了数千名哥伦比亚人，其中许多人已移居委内瑞拉以逃避游击队的暴力，此外，墨西哥经常因未能保护中美洲移民而受到批评。

The region's generosity toward fleeing Venezuelans, meanwhile, hasn't been consistent. Chile, a favored destination for Haitians and Venezuelans, recently tightened visa requirements, as did Colombia.

与此同时，该地区对逃离委内瑞拉的慷慨回应并不一致，智利是海地人和委内瑞拉人喜爱的目的地，最近与哥伦比亚一样，提高了签证要求。

In the Caribbean, the islands off Venezuela's coast have increased scrutiny of Venezuelan travelers.

在加勒比，委内瑞拉沿海的岛屿加强了对委内瑞拉游客的监督。

In Brazil's remote Amazonian state of Roraima, the governor complained that she was  "looking after the needs of Venezuelans to the detriment of Brazilians" ; this month, local authorities briefly shut down the border with Venezuela.

在巴西偏远的亚马孙州的罗赖马，州长抱怨说，她在“照顾委内瑞拉人的需求，不利于巴西人”；本月，地方当局暂时关闭了与委内瑞拉的边界。

Brazilian rioters recently destroyed a migrant camp, sending Venezuelans fleeing back across the border,

巴西暴乱者最近摧毁了一个移民营地，迫使逃离边境的委内瑞拉人返回边境。

confirming UNHCR's warnings that  "[i]ncidents of discrimination and xenophobia against Venezuelans will increase"  as migration continues to rise. Ecuador, meanwhile, has declared a state of emergency and imposed restrictions on Venezuelan migrants.

难民署的警告确认，"对委内瑞拉人的歧视和仇外心理将会增加"，因为移民继续增加，厄瓜多尔宣布进入紧急状态，并对委内瑞拉移民实行限制。

Gallery: The Road Out: Venezuela's Mass Migration Click here to view

画廊：走出道路：委内瑞拉的大众移民点击这里观看

Nevertheless, the contrast with the United States, and with many restrictionist European countries, is stark.

尽管如此，与美国和许多限制性欧洲国家的对比是鲜明的。

That is particularly true in the Río de la Plata region in the southeastern part of the continent—an increasingly common destination for Venezuelans,

这在研究和调查中尤其如此；位于非洲东南部的拉普拉塔地区(委内瑞拉人越来越普遍的目的地，

despite its vast distance from Venezuela's violence-plagued cities and empty pharmacy and supermarket shelves. In Argentina and Uruguay, the governments have welcomed these Venezuelan migrants with open arms.

尽管委内瑞拉与暴力困扰的城市、空着的药店和超市货架相距甚远，但阿根廷和乌拉圭两国政府仍以开放式武器欢迎这些委内瑞拉移民。

There are several reasons for this generosity, many of them idiosyncratic.

这种慷慨大方的原因有很多，其中许多是特质。

For one, the so-called  "airplane refugees"  to the Río de la Plata are relatively high skilled and youthful, with sufficient resources to make the transcontinental journey.

一方面，拉普拉塔河畔的所谓“飞机难民”相对高技术和年轻，有足够的资源来进行横贯大陆的旅程。

One half of Venezuelan migrants in Argentina hold a college degree, and more than 1 in 10 are engineers—a potential boon for the country's expanding oil and gas industry.

在阿根廷，有一半委内瑞拉移民拥有大学学位，每十人中就有一名以上是工程师(这对于该国不断扩大的石油和天然气行业而言，是一个潜在的恩惠)。

This profile differs substantially from the migrants hurrying into Brazil or flooding across Andean borders to Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

这一情况与逃入巴西或穿越安第斯边界流入哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔和秘鲁的移徙者大不相同。

Moreover, many Argentines and Uruguayans feel indebted to Venezuela, which accepted thousands of asylum-seekers in the 1970s, when repressive military dictatorships ruled in Buenos Aires and Montevideo.

此外，许多阿根廷人和乌拉圭人觉得对委内瑞拉有欠，委内瑞拉在1970年代接受了数千名寻求庇护者，当时压迫性军事独裁者在布宜诺斯艾利斯和蒙得维的亚执政。

At the time, Venezuela was one of the few large Latin American countries still governed democratically, its freedoms and vast oil wealth made it an attractive destination for political exiles,

当时，委内瑞拉是少数几个仍在民主治理的拉丁美洲大国之一，它的自由和巨大的石油财富使它成为政治流亡者的一个具有吸引力的目的地。

and its leftist president was unsympathetic to South America's right-wing regimes.

其左翼总统对南美洲的右翼政权毫不同情。

Argentina's center-right president, Mauricio Macri, has been an outspoken critic of the regime in Caracas—a radical shift from his predecessor, the leftist firebrand Cristina Fernández de Kirchner,

阿根廷中右翼总统毛里西奥·马克里一直是加拉加斯政权的直言不讳的批评者 - 这是他的前任，左翼煽动者克里斯蒂娜·费尔南德斯·德基什内尔的彻底转变，后者是已故的乌戈·查韦斯的长期支持者。

Meanwhile, in Uruguay, the center-left government has historically maintained warm ties to Caracas, though relations cooled as Maduro cracked down on dissent.

与此同时，在乌拉圭，中左翼政府在历史上一直与加拉加斯保持着友好的关系，尽管随着马杜罗镇压不同意见而关系已经冷却。

Uruguay's former foreign minister, from the governing party, now runs the OAS and is the region's most outspoken critic of the Venezuelan government.

乌拉圭前外交部长来自执政党，现在管理着美洲组织，也是该地区对委内瑞拉政府最直言不讳的批评者。

As a result, these two countries have become emblematic of Latin America's relatively humane approach to migrants, as they bend over backward to accommodate Venezuelans.

因此，这两个国家成为拉丁美洲对移民采取的相对人道做法的象征，因为它们为容纳委内瑞拉人而倒退了。

Though members of the Mercosur customs union—Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay— suspended Venezuela two years ago, they pledged to limit the consequences for the Venezuelan people.

尽管南锥体共同市场海关联盟（阿根廷、巴西、巴拉圭和乌拉圭）的成员两年前中止了委内瑞拉的管辖范围，但他们保证限制对委内瑞拉人民造成的后果。

Argentina has gone a step further, relaxing residency requirements for Venezuelans who struggle to obtain records from their beleaguered bureaucracy.

阿根廷放宽了委内瑞拉人的居住要求，他们正努力从他们陷入困境的官僚机构中获得记录。

Not surprisingly, the number of Venezuelans headed to Argentina and Uruguay has skyrocketed. In 2017, 31,167 Venezuelans were granted residency in Argentina. In just the first two months of this year, 21,444 entered the country.

意料之中，前往阿根廷和乌拉圭的委内瑞拉人数大幅增加，2017年，有31167名委内瑞拉人获准在阿根廷居住，而今年头两个月，有21444人进入阿根廷。

In Uruguay, 3,248 Venezuelans obtained residency in 2017. By the end of April of this year, Uruguay had already granted residency to 2,486 Venezuelans, accounting for nearly half of new permits.

2017年，乌拉圭有3,248名委内瑞拉人获得居留权，截至今年4月底，乌拉圭已向2,486名委内瑞拉人授予居住权，占新居留证的近一半。

It is not clear whether this hospitality will last forever. Both Argentina and Uruguay have tight labor markets,

阿根廷和乌拉圭的劳动力市场都很紧张，目前还不清楚这种热情是否会永远持续下去。

and the impression that businesses are favoring Venezuelan workers may provoke resentment. (Uruguay's powerful unions have already launched a task force to study the issue.)

以及商业界偏向委内瑞拉工人可能招致不满的印象（乌拉圭强大的工会已经成立了一个研究这个问题的工作队）。

A recent survey in Uruguay found widespread ambivalence about immigration; 45 percent of respondents disagreed that it was good for the country that foreign immigrants go to live there.

最近在乌拉圭进行的一项调查发现，移民问题普遍存在矛盾情绪；45%的受访者不同意外国移民在那里居住的国家是有好处的。

These trends are further along elsewhere in Latin America. After years of quietly absorbing millions of Venezuelan migrants, several governments in the region are re-examining their approaches to the crisis.

这些趋势在拉丁美洲其他地方更为明显，在经历了数年平静地吸纳了数百万委内瑞拉移民之后，该区域的几个国家政府正在重新审视其应对危机的办法。

On Tuesday, Ecuador called for an emergency gathering of 13 countries to better coordinate the regional response to Venezuelan migrants—the potential outcome of that meeting remains unclear.

星期二，厄瓜多尔呼吁召开13个国家紧急会议，以更好地协调对委内瑞拉移民的区域对策（这次会议的潜在结果尚不清楚）。

But for now, Latin America still stands out for its openness in a world that is increasingly closing its doors.

但就目前而言，在一个日益封闭的世界里，拉丁美洲仍然非常开放。