[(Title)] Smartphones emerge as bright spot for Indian manufacturing.

NEW DELHI: Smartphone-maker Lava is a small player in India's booming mobile communications industry, but it has become a poster child for Prime Minister Narendra Modi's ambitious effort to make India a global hub for electronics manufacturing.

 智能手机制造商拉瓦是印度蓬勃发展的移动通信业的一个小角色，但它已经成为印度总理纳伦德拉·莫迪(Narendra Modi)野心勃勃努力使印度成为全球电子制造中心的宣传品。

Just a few years ago, Lava imported cheap phones from China. Now it builds its own devices at two factories on the outskirts of New Delhi that employ about 3,500 people, and expansion plans are in the works.

几年前，拉瓦从中国进口了廉价的手机。如今，该公司在新德里郊区的两家工厂建造了自己的设备，这些工厂雇用了大约3500人，扩建计划也在进行中。

PM Modi's vow to create tens of millions of new jobs has stuttered on many fronts, but domestic smartphone production has emerged as a bright spot for Asia's third-largest economy.

印度总理莫迪承诺创造数千万个新的就业机会，这在许多方面都站不住脚，但印度国内智能手机生产已经成为亚洲第三大经济体的亮点。

Along with local firms such as Lava, global smartphone giants including Samsung, Oppo and Xiaomi are expanding rapidly in India, and starting to bring along components suppliers while driving contract manufacturers like Foxconn to ramp up.

与Lava等本土公司一起，包括三星、Oppo和小米在内的全球智能手机巨头正在印度迅速扩张，并开始将组件供应商聚集在一起，同时推动富士康等合同制造商一同走高。

More than 120 new manufacturing units have created about 4,50,000 jobs in the mobile phone industry over the past four years, according to the Indian Cellular and Electronics Association,

据印度手机和电子协会介绍，在过去四年里，120多个新的制造部门在移动电话行业创造了大约4.5万个工作岗位。这主要是由于“印度制造”运动以及分阶段的计划，其进口设备和部件的严格关税。

thanks largely to the 'Make In India' campaign and a phased plan featuring stiff duties on imported devices and parts.

That growth has made India the world's second-biggest mobile phone maker and positioned it for further growth as trade tensions and rising costs hobble China's world-leading electronics manufacturing sector.

这一增长让印度成为世界第二大移动电话制造商，并随着贸易紧张关系和成本上涨对中国世界领先的电子产品制造行业造成制约，印度处于进一步增长之中。

"India has an opportunity to become a major player in the global supply chain because we have a very strong domestic economy,"  Vikas Agarwal, the India head of Chinese smartphone maker OnePlus, told Reuters.

中国智能手机制造商OnePlus的印度负责人维卡斯·阿加瓦尔(Vikas Agarwal)说：“印度有机会在全球供应链中扮演重要角色，因为我们国内经济非常强劲。阿加瓦尔补充说，该国仍然需要鼓励生产高值组件以及研发，"但至少我们正处于一个很好的开端"。

The country still needs to encourage the production of high-value components as well as research and development, Agarwal added,  "but at least we are off to a very good start."

The Indian industry's emergence is especially visible in Noida, where Lava is based. Once a suburb for tech outsourcing firms, Noida is now bursting with companies making everything from headphones and chargers to high-end smartphones.

Lava总部所在地诺瓦达(Noida)的印度产业出现尤为明显。诺瓦达曾是技术外包公司的郊区，现在其企业正在迅速扩张，从耳机和充电器到高端智能手机。

Sanjeev Agarwal, Lava's head of manufacturing, says local production is helping it reduce costs and build high-quality devices that can sell for less than $150.

拉瓦的制造业主管桑吉夫·阿加瓦尔(Sanjeev Agarwal)表示，当地生产正在帮助它降低成本，并建造高质量的设备，以低于150美元的价格出售。阿加瓦尔说，公司的大部分产品设计仍在中国完成，但该公司计划在未来几年把这项工作带到印度。当地的存在可以更快地创新，同时降低免关税成本。

Much of the company's product design is still done in China, Agarwal said, but the company plans to bring that work to India over the next few years.

The local presence allows quicker innovation, he said, as well as lower, tariff-free costs.

Lava has some big neighbors in Noida. Samsung this year opened what it said was the world's biggest mobile phone plant there. The South Korean giant last year said it will spend Rs 4,

Lava在诺瓦达有一些大邻居。三星今年开业，它声称这是世界上最大的手机工厂。这家韩国巨头去年表示，将花4卢比。

920 crore ($672.45 million) to expand capacity at the plant over three years.

为扩大工厂三年内的产能，920克朗（6.7245亿美元）。距离三星工厂不远，作为印度顶尖智能手机制造商之一的中国Oppo也在建造一座大型工厂，预计不久将开工。

Not far from Samsung's factory, China's Oppo, one of India's top smartphone players, is building a massive plant too. It is expected to open soon.

Alternative to China

PM Modi's so-called phased manufacturing plan, introduced in 2016, aims to take advantage of India's huge domestic smartphone market to promote local production.

印度总理莫迪(PM Modi)于2016年推出的“分阶段生产计划”，旨在利用印度巨大的国内智能手机市场，促进本地生产。

India has more than a billion wireless subscribers, and about 380 million of them do not yet have a smartphone.

印度拥有超过10亿无线用户，其中约3.8亿用户还没有智能手机。

The manufacturing plan includes import duties not only on phones, but also on accessories such as phone chargers, batteries and headphones, as well as components including pre-assembled printed circuit boards.

生产计划不仅包括手机进口税，还包括电话充电器、电池和耳机等配件以及包括预装配式印刷电路板在内的部件。小米与三星竞争印度智能手机市场的第一名。小米利用印度南部的富士康工厂生产了许多手机，共有六家设备生产设备。

Xiaomi, which competes with Samsung for the top spot in India's smartphone market, makes many of its phones using Foxconn's plants in southern India, with a total of six facilities producing its devices.

Just as important, Xiaomi said this year that it wants its component suppliers to set up shop in India too, a move that could bring as much as $2.5 billion of investment and create as many as 50,000 jobs.

同样重要的是，小米今年表示，它希望其部件供应商也在印度建立商店，此举可能带来高达25亿美元的投资，并创造多达5万个工作岗位。

Xiaomi supplier Holitech Technology has committed to investing about $200 million in India over three years in India, with plans to begin manufacturing in early 2019.

小米供应商HolitechTechnologyTechnology承诺三年内在印度投资约2亿美元，计划于2019年初开始生产。

It will make components such as camera and touch screen modules and fingerprint sensors, Muralikrishnan B, Xiaomi's chief operating officer for India, said in an email.

小米的印度首席运营官穆拉利克里什南?B(MuralikrishnanB)在电子邮件中说，此举将制造摄像机、触摸屏模块和指纹传感器等组件。

The big prize for India, local industry officials say, is to become a full-fledged alternative to China as a manufacturing hub.

More and more companies are realizing they need a  "China plus one strategy,"  one manufacturing industry source said.

In China,  "there is the Trump risk and there are other risks - currency risks, overall wage appreciation risk and so on,"  the source said, declining to be named because of the sensitivity of the matter.

消息人士称，在中国，“存在特朗普的风险，还有其他风险——货币风险、整体工资升值风险等等。”“今天是贸易关税战争，明天可能是别的事情，一场自然灾害，”消息来源补充说，“问题是，我们如何从战略上利用印度？”

"Today it's the trade-tariff war, tomorrow it may be something else, a natural disaster,"  the source added.  "The question is then - how do I use India strategically?"

Samsung has said it plans to use its Noida plant as an export hub, but it is unclear whether other manufacturers will follow suit.

三星表示，计划利用黑田发电厂作为出口枢纽，但不清楚其他制造商是否会效仿。

To become a true global center for high-value mobile phone manufacturing, India still needs a more stable, business-friendly policy regime in a country known for heavy-handed regulation and abrupt shifts in industrial strategy,

为了成为全球高端手机制造中心，印度仍然需要一个更加稳定、有利于商业的政策机制。

industry executives say. The country also needs better workforce training, said Tarun Pathak, associate director at tech researcher Counterpoint.

业内高管表示，中国也需要更好的劳动力培训，科技研究员对策副主任塔伦·帕塔克(TarunPathak)说。“进口税启动了地方集会，但是现在我们需要超越仅仅关税了，”帕塔克说。

"Import taxes kick-started local assembly, but now we need to look beyond just duties,"  Pathak said.

Xiaomi's Muralikrishnan said bringing the entire electronics manufacturing ecosystem to India would be a big challenge.

小米的穆拉利克里希南表示，将整个电子制造生态系统带到印度将是一个巨大的挑战。

He added:  "Building the expertise to manufacture high-end design flagships locally would also be a big step for the local industry."

他补充说：“建设专业知识以便在当地制造高端设计旗舰，也是本土工业的一大步。”

Apple, for example, assembles two low-cost models through Wistron in the southern tech hub of Bengaluru. But with little domestic demand for its high-end phones, the company has resisted government pressure to move more of its work from China.

例如，苹果通过位于孟加拉鲁南部科技中心Wiston装配了两种低成本的模式。但由于国内对高端手机的需求很少，该公司抵制了政府要求将更多工作从中国迁出的压力。