Title:US accuses India of non-adherence to parental child abduction protocols

The United States on Thursday accused India of not adhering to any protocol with respect to international parental child abduction, claiming 90 per cent of requests for the return of "abducted children" remained unresolved for over a year.

美国周四指责印度不遵守有关国际父母绑架儿童的任何协议，声称90%的归还"被绑架儿童"的要求在一年多时间里一直没有得到解决。

International Parental Child Abduction (IPCA) generally refers to the "wrongful removal" or "wrongful retention" to another country of a child by the child's parent or guardian.

国际亲子拐骗儿童协会一般是指由儿童的父母或监护人把"非法移走"或"不当保留"给另一个国家。

The State Department in its latest Annual Report on IPCA described India as a "non-compliant country," a tag the country carries since 2014 when the first report came out.

国务院在其最新的《IPCA年度报告》中，将印度描述为自2014年第一份报告发表以来“不遵守规定”的国家。

"India does not adhere to any protocols with respect to international parental child abduction. In 2017, India demonstrated a pattern of non-compliance. Specifically, the competent authorities in India persistently failed to work with the Department of State to resolve abduction cases," the report said.

"印度不遵守有关国际诱拐父母儿童的任何协议，2017年，印度表现出不遵守规定。具体而言，印度主管当局一直不与国务院合作解决绑架案件，"报告称。

"As a result of this failure, 90 per cent of requests for the return of abducted children remained unresolved for more than 12 months. On average, these cases were unresolved for one year and ten months," it said.

"由于这一失败，90%被绑架儿童回返请求在12个多月内仍未得到解决，平均而言，这些案件一年零10个月仍未解决，"它说。

The 2017 annual report cites countries such as Argentina, Brazil, China, Japan, Jordan, Morocco, Peru, United Arab Emirates, Columbia, Egypt, Panama, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Tunisia and Ukraine.

2017年年度报告列举了阿根廷、巴西、中国、日本、约旦、摩洛哥、秘鲁、阿拉伯联合酋长国、哥伦比亚、埃及、巴拿马、波兰、沙特阿拉伯、西班牙、突尼斯和乌克兰等国。

"I am personally committed to pressing these countries to take more effective measures to resolve cases of IPCA on behalf of children and families around the world," Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said in a forward to the report.

庞培国务卿说：“我个人决心向这些国家施加压力，要求它们采取更有效的措施，代表全世界儿童和家庭解决国际协联的案件。

As a Party to the Hague Convention of 25 October 1980 on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction (Convention), the US believes that the courts in a child's place of habitual residence should resolve matters of custody, and that abducted children should be promptly returned to their country of habitual residence, Mr. Pompeo said.

作为1980年10月25日《国际儿童拐骗事件的民事问题海牙公约》（《公约》）的缔约国，美国认为，儿童惯常居住地的法院应解决监护问题，Pompeo先生说，被绑架儿童应立即返回其惯常居住国。

"In 2017, the competent authorities in India demonstrated a pattern of non-compliance by regularly declining to work with the Department of State toward the resolution of pending abduction cases. Moreover, the competent authorities have failed to resolve cases," the State Department said.

"2017年，印度主管当局一再拒绝与国务院合作，努力解决悬而未决的绑架案件，显示出不遵守规定的情况。此外, 主管当局未能解决案件, " 国务院说.

It said the Indian government failed to take "concrete" steps to resolve pending cases despite repeatedly meeting with US officials to discuss abduction cases.

该组织称，尽管印度政府一再与美国官员会面讨论绑架案件，但未能采取“具体”措施解决未决案件。

In 2017, the State Department reported 104 cases of abduction of US children in India. This includes 20 new cases and 84 from the previous years.

2017年，美国国务院报告了104起在印度绑架美国儿童的案件，其中包括20起新案件和84起前几年的案件。

Notably, almost all such cases are results of marital disputes in which one of the parents lives in India with their children and mostly obtains court order to take custody of their kids. The other parent, an American citizen approaches the US court and seeks governmental intervention to obtain custody of their children. In American legal parlance, officials describe this as "abduction of US children."

值得注意的是，几乎所有这类案件都是婚姻纠纷造成的，其中一位父母与子女生活在印度，他们大多数得到法院命令来监护自己的子女。另一方，即美国公民，到美国法院寻求政府的干预，以获得对其子女的监护权。

In 2017, the State Department received 11 initial inquiries from parents regarding possible abductions to India in which no additional assistance was requested or necessary documentation was not received as of December 31, 2017, the report said.

报告称，2017年，国务院收到父母11次初步询问，称可能遭绑架到印度，截至2017年12月31日，没有收到任何额外援助请求或必要的文件。

According to the State Department, in 2017, seven abduction cases were resolved through voluntary means.

据国务院称，2017年，7起绑架案件通过自愿途径得到解决。

Without the Hague Abduction Convention or any other protocols intended to resolve abduction cases, parents generally must pursue custody of abducted children in Indian courts.

如果没有《海牙绑架公约》或任何其他旨在解决绑架案件的议定书，父母一般必须在印度法院对被绑架儿童进行监护。

"Judicial action in custody cases in India has been slow, and Indian courts tend to default to granting custody to the taking parent. The lack of clear legal procedures for addressing international parental child abduction cases under Indian law makes it difficult for India to resolve these cases," it said.

"印度在羁押案件中的司法行动缓慢，印度法院往往不批准对养育人的监护权。印度法律没有明确的处理国际父母拐骗儿童案件的法律程序，这使得印度难以解决这些案件，"它说。

The State Department has said it will continue to encourage India to accede to the Convention and expand public diplomacy activities related to the Convention.

国务院说，它将继续鼓励印度加入《公约》，并扩大与《公约》有关的公共外交活动。