Title:Reformasi: 20 years after the fall of Suharto, activists reflect on Indonesia's reforms

Twenty years ago, the late Suharto resigned as president of Indonesia after 32 years in power.

二十年前，已故的苏哈托在执政32年后辞去印度尼西亚总统职务。

University students and protesters, who took part in "reformasi" demonstrations and riots across the country, were beaten, jailed and kidnapped during the end of the authoritarian leader's rule.

参加并引述改革活动的大学学生和抗议者；全国的示威和暴乱在独裁领导人统治结束期间遭到殴打、监禁和绑架。

The fall of the leader paved the way for swathes of political reforms and for Indonesia's 1999 election — the first free vote since 1955.

领导人的倒台为印尼进行政治改革和1999年的选举铺平了道路，这是自1955年以来的第一次自由投票。

Two decades on, activists who were a part of the original movement have warned against complacency, urging Indonesians not to forget the lessons of the past.

20年后，作为原运动的一部分积极分子警告不要自满，敦促印度尼西亚人不要忘记过去的教训。

Agung Wicaksono was president of the Engineering Students Association at Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) when Suharto was re-elected in 1998.

Agung Wicaksono在1998年苏哈托连任时任万隆技术学院工程学生协会主席。

He said the common shared feeling among students at the time was disappointment, particularly when Suharto selected his closest relatives and friends as his cabinet members.

他表示，当时学生们共同的感觉是失望的，特别是在苏哈托挑选最亲近的亲属和朋友成为内阁成员的时候。

"It was a moral movement. People struggled a lot due to the economic crisis, so we couldn't trust the government anymore," Mr Wicaksono said.

这是一场道德运动，由于经济危机，人们挣扎了很多，因此我们不再相信政府。

Mr Wicaksono is now the director of PT MRT Jakarta, and oversees a massive public transportation project that aims to combat the capital's infamous traffic jams.

维卡克索诺现为PT MRT 雅加达区长，负责监管大规模公共交通项目，旨在打击首都臭名昭著的交通堵塞。

He said he did not want to run the business like in Suharto's era, which according to him, only benefitted particular groups.

他说，他不想像在苏哈托时代那样经营这个行业，据他所说，这只会使某些特定群体受益。

"We can't abuse power anymore," he said. "Instead we apply the principle of transparency and it is possible to do so, thanks to the reform movement."

他说：“我们不能再滥用权力了，相反，我们适用了透明度原则，由于改革运动，这样做是可能的。”

Mr Wicaksono said although he feels the country's condition is better than 20 years ago, Indonesian people should not be satisfied with its achievements, but instead keep working for a better future.

维卡克索诺先生说，尽管他认为该国的状况比20年前要好，但印度尼西亚人民不应对其取得的成就感到满意，反而应继续努力，争取更美好的未来。

One thing Lia Nathalia remembers about 1998 was the lack of freedom, and leading up to Suharto's resignation in May, she said the president would detain people even without strong evidence.

利亚·纳特利记得1998年前后有一件事是缺乏自由，导致苏哈托于5月辞职，她说，即使没有强有力的证据，总统也会拘留人民。

"That's why when we had meetings, we did it very secretly. No-one was allowed to take notes, nor exchange contact numbers," Ms Nathalia, who was a member of City Forum and involved in several street protests in Jakarta, said.

这是为什么我们举行会谈的时候很秘密地，没人被允许记笔记，也不允许交换联络号码，纳塔利亚女士，她是城市论坛的成员，在雅加达参加了一些街头抗议活动。

But after the reform movement, it seems Ms Nathalia is not happy either with the outcome.

但在改革运动之后，纳特利亚似乎对结果也不满意。

"We don't set a good national agenda, the emerging leaders are just busy maintaining their power," she said.

她说，我们没有制定好的国家议程，新兴的领导人正忙于维持他们的权力。

She said she hoped that the younger generation would remember the events of May 1998, so they will not lose their political direction and aim.

她说，她希望年轻一代能记住1998年5月的事件，以免他们失去政治方向和目标。

Usman Hamid was in his fifth semester as a law student at Trisakti University in Jakarta in 1998.

Usman Hamid于1998年在雅加达Trisakti大学上学第五学期，是一名法律学生。

He said it was a conversation with his mother about how basic necessities were getting expensive that led him and his friends to distribute food packages.

他说，这是与他的母亲谈话的一个关于基本生活必需品怎样变得昂贵使他和他的朋友分发食品袋的问题。

As president of a law students' association, he joined several student movements to protest the rising prices as the situation worsened.

作为法学学生协会会长，他参加了一些学生运动，抗议随着形势恶化物价上涨。

"Then some friends had an idea to demand Suharto and his family to step down," he said.

然后，一些朋友想请苏哈托和他的家人下台，他说。

"It started on 12 May 1998 — one student even burnt Suharto's image."

它于1998年5月12日开始，有一名学生甚至烧毁了Suharto的形象。

Mr Hamid said there has been some decline in Indonesia since he and his fellow students fought for change.

哈米德说，自从他和他的同学为变革而奋斗以来，印尼的情况有所下降。

"There have been a number of controversial, racial, and discriminative events in these past years and quite a number of attempts by political parties and elites who campaign their conservative and extreme-nationalism values," he said.

他说，过去几年来，发生了一些有争议、种族和歧视性的事件，各政党和精英们作出了不少努力，鼓动保守和极端的民族主义价值观。

"So it's a mixed feeling … We still need to work even harder, be more patient, and do a better job after more than three decades of authoritarianism."

这样的感觉好坏参半：我们仍然需要更努力，更耐心一点，在经历了三十多年的独裁主义之后，做好一个更好的工作。

Yuniyanti Chuzaifah, along with 14 other women, took to the main streets of Jakarta to demand cheaper milk prices for mothers after the price increased uncontrollably.

Yuniyanti Chuzaifah和其他14名妇女一道，走上雅加达的主要街道，在价格无限上涨后，向母亲要求更便宜的奶价。

"We were there to make noise and raise awareness that even when it comes to fulfilling the needs of babies … our country wasn't able to do it," she said.

我们来这里是要发出噪音，并提高人们的认识，即使满足婴儿的需要也是这样？我们国家无法做到这一点，她说。

"As females, we didn't want to be remembered in Indonesia's history as only the ones who were distributing food to protesters. We also had political demands."

作为女性，我们不想在印度尼西亚历史上被牢记为向抗议者分发食物的仅有女性，我们也有着政治要求。

After the reform, Ms Chuzaifah is glad to see the women's movement is growing in the country, giving many women platforms to raise their concerns.

在改革之后，楚扎伊法女士很高兴看到全国的妇女运动不断增长，为许多妇女提供了提高她们关注的平台。

"This is one of the reform's achievements that we should maintain," she said.

她说，这是我们应该维持的改革成就之一。

Oslan Purba was not quite sure why exactly he joined the reform movement when he was a university student at North Sumatra.

奥斯兰·普尔巴不知道他为什么要参加改革运动，当时他是北苏门答腊的一名大学生。

He was fully aware that becoming an activist meant facing death and kidnap threats.

他完全意识到成为一个积极分子，意在面对死亡和绑架威胁。

"In many regions, including North Sumatra, students went to the local parliament building; there was rioting and looting everywhere and soon after that Suharto declared his resignation," he said.

”包括北苏门答腊在内的许多地区，学生都去了当地议会大厦；到处都是骚乱和劫掠，不久之后，苏哈托宣布辞职。

Now working as a national environmental campaigner, Mr Purba said corruption remained a big issue in the country.

普尔巴表示，腐败问题仍然是这个国家的一个重大问题。

"We did [the reform movement] because we didn't want this country run by corruptors, but now, although we have an anti-corruption commission, we still doubt they are brave enough [to combat corruption]," he said.

我们进行了（改革运动）是因为我们不希望腐败分子管理这个国家，但现在，虽然我们有了反腐败委员会，但我们仍然怀疑他们非常勇敢（打击腐败）。

"Honestly, I'm a bit disappointed, but I remain optimistic."

坦率地说，我有点失望，但我还是很乐观。

Mr Purba is also active in voicing human rights issue in Sumatra, particularly in Aceh province.

普尔巴先生也在苏门答腊，特别是在亚齐省积极宣传人权问题。

Press freedoms now 'exceed the limits of ethics'

新闻自由现在“超过道德限度”

In 1998, Eko Maryadi was working as a journalist with the Washington Post in Jakarta.

1998年，Eko Maryadi在雅加达担任华盛顿邮报记者。

He remembers sitting in a traditional food seller kiosk in Jakarta, when suddenly there was a big cheer from the people after Suharto announced his resignation on the television.

他记得在雅加达一个传统的食品销售站坐着，苏哈托在电视上宣布辞职后，人们突然欢呼起来。

"All people were yelling and I also heard students on the parliament building celebrating their win [over the Suharto regime]," Mr Maryadi, who is now the president of Southeast Asian Press Alliance, said.

所有人都大喊大叫，我还听到议员们庆祝他们赢得（超越苏哈托政权）的胜利。

Under Suharto, he was jailed after being accused of publishing material that was considered critical of the Suharto government.

在Suharto统治下，他被指控出版被认为批评Suharto政府的材料，之后被监禁。

At that time he was also a member of Alliance of Independent Journalists in Indonesia (AJI).

当时，他也是印度尼西亚独立记者联盟(独立记者联盟)的成员。

But he said the period of reform had perhaps seen the media industry become too liberal in some ways, leading to support for extremist views.

但他说，改革阶段也许已经看到媒体行业在某些方面过于开放，导致对极端主义观点的支持。

"The freedom of expression [in Indonesia] has now exceeded the limits of ethics, professionalism, and freedom in our democratic life," he said.

他说，言论自由（在印度尼西亚）现在已经超越了我国民主生活中道德、专业精神和自由的界限。

"The challenge of media in Indonesia is to stop spreading information which promotes radicalism and intolerance."

印尼媒体的挑战是停止传播鼓动激进主义和不容忍现象的信息。